LESSON 35 / 215·2 min readIntermediate

Citations and source attribution

Must knowConcept lesson
01 Understand02 Recall03 Prepare

Words made simple

A few useful meanings before you read the explanation.

LLM
A model trained to work with language. It can write or summarize text, but its answer still needs checking against reliable information.
Authorization
Checking what that identity is allowed to read or do. Being logged in does not grant access to every record.
Trace
A linked record of the steps in one request, including model calls, retrieval and tools. It helps locate delays or failures.

Overview

  • A citation points to evidence supporting a statement.
  • Source attribution identifies the original document, location, and version.
  • The model can suggest references, but the application must ensure they map to actual retrieved sources.

Why this matters

Users need to verify answers, and reviewers need to understand which policy wording was applied.

An everyday example

An employee says “page 12, exclusions section,” so you can check the answer.

A technical example

LLM returns sourceIds: ["S1"]; backend resolves S1 to an authorized document and page link.

How it works

  1. Assign source IDs
  2. Require references
  3. Reject unknown IDs
  4. Check whether evidence supports claims
  5. Render links that recheck access.

Architecture and flow

Retrieved source map → generated references → citation validation → authorized source links.

The insurance assistant example

“The policy requires these documents [Policy v3, page 8]” links to the right version.

When to use it

Policy explanations, enterprise knowledge answers, and research outputs.

When to avoid it

Do not fabricate sources for ordinary creative drafting, or assume a citation proves that the surrounding claim is supported.

Interview answer

“I bind citations to retrieved source IDs and verify applicability and support. A valid link alone does not guarantee a faithful answer.”

Benefits, trade-offs, and production considerations

  • Store source versions with each answer trace.
  • Expiring object-storage URLs should be generated only after access checks.
  • Test citation correctness, unsupported claims, and source accessibility separately.
PAUSE & RECALL

Can you explain it without the notes?

Citations and source attribution

Use your own words. Explain an example and one limitation before checking the explanation.

Check your explanation

A citation points to evidence supporting a statement. Source attribution identifies the original document, location, and version. The model can suggest references, but the application must ensure they map to actual retrieved sources.

CONNECT IT TO YOUR INTERVIEW

Turn this concept into a clear answer.

Practice this concept
YOUR NEXT STEP

Keep connecting the ideas.

Next lesson: Query rewriting, multi-query retrieval, and query decomposition

Adapted from 13_AI.MD · “Citations and source attribution”. Examples are study fragments; framework behavior can depend on your version.