LESSON 171 / 215·2 min readIntermediate

Prompt engineering

ReferenceReference guide
01 Understand02 Recall03 Prepare

Words made simple

A few useful meanings before you read the explanation.

Schema
A description of the fields and value types that data should contain. It helps check that an answer has the expected shape.
Deterministic
Following steps or rules defined by code. The model does not decide which step should run next in a deterministic workflow.
Evaluation
Checking results against examples and clear criteria to find whether the system works well and where it fails.
More words from this lesson
Trace
A linked record of the steps in one request, including model calls, retrieval and tools. It helps locate delays or failures.
Latency
How long a request takes to return a result. Lower latency usually means a shorter wait for the user.

Beginner — What makes a good prompt?

  • A clear task, trusted constraints, explicitly separated input, expected output, and a defined response when information is missing.
  • For policy answers, I require supporting evidence and forbid inventing unsupported policy conditions.

Intermediate — Zero-shot or few-shot?

  • I begin with clear zero-shot instructions.
  • If errors concern category boundaries or formatting, I add a few representative reviewed examples and evaluate them on separate cases.
  • Examples should cover ambiguity, not just easy successes.

Senior — How do you maintain prompts?

  • I treat prompts as versioned configuration with an owner, evaluation dataset, release gate, and trace tag.
  • I investigate patterns in failures instead of accumulating conflicting instructions for individual anecdotes.
  • Provider/model upgrades rerun the same contract tests.

Scenario — Adding many examples improved a demo but slowed production. What next?

  • I measure which examples actually help and remove redundancy.
  • I test a smaller prompt, provider-supported schemas, deterministic preprocessing, or a better model.
  • I optimize latency and cost while preserving held-out quality.
PAUSE & RECALL

Can you explain it without the notes?

Prompt engineering

Use your own words. Explain an example and one limitation before checking the explanation.

Check your explanation

Beginner — What makes a good prompt?

CONNECT IT TO YOUR INTERVIEW

Turn this concept into a clear answer.

Practice this concept
YOUR NEXT STEP

Keep connecting the ideas.

Next lesson: RAG

Adapted from 13_AI.MD · “29.2 Prompt engineering”. Examples are study fragments; framework behavior can depend on your version.