LESSON 168 / 215·2 min readIntermediate

Project 9 — Deterministic plus agentic workflow

ReferencePractical project
01 Understand02 Recall03 Prepare

Words made simple

A few useful meanings before you read the explanation.

Deterministic
Following steps or rules defined by code. The model does not decide which step should run next in a deterministic workflow.
AI
Software techniques for tasks such as recognizing patterns, understanding language or generating content.
API
A way for one piece of software to ask another for data or an action. A claims API might return the current status of a claim.
More words from this lesson
Schema
A description of the fields and value types that data should contain. It helps check that an answer has the expected shape.
State
The data describing where a workflow is now, what it already knows, and what still needs to happen.
Durable
Able to retain progress and recover across interruptions. Durable workflows require appropriate storage and retry behavior.
Idempotency
Making a repeated request have the same intended business effect as one request. It helps avoid duplicate submissions or payments.
Evaluation
Checking results against examples and clear criteria to find whether the system works well and where it fails.

Requirements

Interpret input, prepare a draft, validate required fields, wait for review, execute once, and notify reliably.

Architecture

AI interpretation → deterministic state machine → durable approval wait → idempotent service → outbox notification.

Technologies

Existing AI/graph layer plus Temporal or another justified durable workflow, or BullMQ with explicit application state for simpler jobs.

Database design

Draft versions/hashes, approval records, operation keys/receipts, workflow status, and outbox events.

API design

Draft create/edit/review/submit/status; require expected version and operation key; expose uncertain outcome explicitly.

AI design

Language extraction and draft wording only; code controls calculations, permissions, retries, and transitions.

Security

Authenticated exact-action approval, current-rule checks at commit, least-privilege activities, safe recipient validation.

Evaluation

Duplicate messages, worker crashes, stale approvals, transaction/dispatch gaps, external timeout, and compensation limits.

Observability

Workflow events, wait age, retry counts, receipt links, unknown outcomes, and notification lag.

Deployment

Durable storage and timers, worker recovery, schema/version migration, redrive/reconciliation operations, and backup restore test.

Interview questions

  • “Exactly once?” Answer: design effectively-once business effects through deduplication and reconciliation; do not assume the network guarantees it.
  • “Can every action be undone?” Answer: disclosure and email often cannot.

Acceptance: The same approved logical request creates one effect across retries and restarts.

PAUSE & RECALL

Can you explain it without the notes?

Project 9 — Deterministic plus agentic workflow

Use your own words. Explain an example and one limitation before checking the explanation.

Check your explanation

Requirements: Interpret input, prepare a draft, validate required fields, wait for review, execute once, and notify reliably.

CONNECT IT TO YOUR INTERVIEW

Turn this concept into a clear answer.

Practice this concept
YOUR NEXT STEP

Keep connecting the ideas.

Next lesson: Project 10 — Production insurance AI platform

Adapted from 13_AI.MD · “Project 9 — Deterministic plus agentic workflow”. Examples are study fragments; framework behavior can depend on your version.